Ornamentation in Books and Manuscripts

a. Graphic (non-texual) Ornamentation (see also the Glossary)

• Zastavka (Ventsy) – an engraved image at the beginning of a chapter (a "header")
• Kontsovka – an engraved image at the end of a chapter
• engravings used in the margins together with the numbers of chapters (Chapter 1, 2, etc.)
• other marginalia
• pagination numbers (in pre-Nikonian books the pages are numbered only on right-hand pages)
• final ornaments (swashes and decorative uses of punctuation symbols)
  

b. Text Ornamentation

• Viaz' – decorative chapter titling (also called Zastavka)
• Bukvitsa – drop-caps
• use of capital letters (to be discussed)
• emphasis (to be discussed)
• marginalia (textual references, alternate word forms, plural or feminine word endings for appropriate substitution, etc.)
• final paragraph tapering and "shaping"